21 May 2025

Five mysteries of the public service that need to be addressed

| By Oliver Jacques
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man on laptop

Seems it’s OK for a public servant to work from home, but not from a regional town. Photo: Pikpick.

If the federal election was a referendum on the public service, it was a triumph for the 2.5 million Australians who work for federal, state and territory government agencies.

The message in the Coalition’s resounding defeat was clear – don’t cut our numbers, don’t move us to regional locations and don’t you dare make us leave home and come back into the office.

The public sector is now a behemoth that dwarfs all other segments of the labour force. It’s expanding by 85,000 employees every year. “If only industry could match this growth record,” Sir Humphrey once said on Yes Minister, an old British comedy (that might’ve doubled as a documentary).

The sheer size of our bureaucracy ensures that few politicians will dare to criticise it again – there are just too many votes to lose.

But as someone who has been employed by both the federal and state governments, I can’t help but poke the bear and point out a few mysteries of the public services that may eventually need to be addressed.

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1. Still working from home?

As Peter Dutton learnt, anyone who questions working from home arrangements can expect a torrent of abuse. In fact, never in history have we seen such prompt, timely responses from federal public servants.

But let’s get real. It’s now been three years since COVID, yet 61 per cent of the APS are still working from home at least part of the week.

Sure, parents with infants might have a reason for doing so, but what about the tens of thousands of others who continue to do what most industries would never allow?

Anyone who’s worked in the public service knows it’s hard enough to get some employees to work in an office while supervised, let alone trusting them to do so in the comfort of their own home.

2. Why do so many need to be in Canberra?

When Barnaby Joyce pushed for public service departments to be moved to regional areas in 2017, Canberra-based Labor MP Andrew Leigh said this would make the APS “more inefficient and more fragmented”.

Presumably, he thinks having employees from the same agency working from thousands of different homes in Canberra doesn’t fragment it at all.

Therefore, if technology has advanced to allow flexible working conditions, then surely it is time to move more bureaucrats to the regional towns where their policies are being put into practice.

There’s been some decentralisation over the past eight years, but it still seems too much of the bureaucracy remains in the capital. The Murray-Darling Basin Authority, for instance, might be best headquartered alongside the river, rather than close to Lake Burley Griffin.

3. How fair is flex time?

Another unusual perk of the public service is flex time – a system whereby you can bank extra hours you work during the week and use that to take a day or two off.

What perplexed me as a public servant was how it was barely ever monitored. It seemed as if those who worked the fewest hours took the most flex days. There was one state government agency I once worked at where I’d routinely arrive at work at 9:30 am and have to turn the floor lights on. If I looked around the office at 4.59 pm, every chair would be spinning. But come Friday, up to half the office had earned a ‘flex’ and weren’t present.

Flexibility is wonderful, but a bit more scrutiny is needed for those on the taxpayers’ dime.

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4. Is everyone an executive?

I used to work as an EL1 – Executive Level 1 in the APS. In my role, I took minutes for meetings, managed the office footy tipping comp and did coffee runs for morning teas.

It wasn’t really work that justified a six-figure salary and fancy title, but I soon learned EL1 was the magical sweet spot of every department – all the pay and perks but no responsibility.

In state bureaucracies, I took on the role of “senior policy officer” as the most junior person in the team. A review of managerial titles compared to work done is not out of line.

5. How do they get recruitment so wrong?

Anyone who’s worked in a public service knows that poor performance is commonplace – there’s at least one member of every team who needs to be micro-managed to produce any output.

This is hard to understand when recruitment is so bureaucratic. To get a job in the APS, you need to address word-salad selection criteria (like “Modelling flexibility, adaptability and resilience in a dynamic work environment” – yes, that’s real), and then provide two referee contacts and sit one, two or perhaps three interviews. After all that, many non-performers still slip through the net.

It’s time to either make recruiting simpler or, I dare say, employees easier to sack.

These observations make it impossible for me to ever run for parliament. But while taxpaying non-government employees are still (barely) the majority in Australia, let me say it now before the next election, by when it’ll probably be classified as hate speech.

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2. Why so many in Canberra? Because Canberra is a pool of people who understand how government work is done. Everything has to be double-checked. Everything is subject to privacy and security laws. People who work here get it.

4. Why is everyone an EL? Because computer tech has automated the jobs that used to be done by low-level clerks. We do not need to send a runner to the warehouse to retrieve someone’s tax file anymore, or someone else to file it correctly when it is returned.

Why would people with infants get a free pass with working from home? I work in the community sector and our working from home policy dictates that if you’re in this arrangement you need to organise childcare just as you would if you were working in the office.

William Teach11:59 am 28 May 25

I’d be ecstatic to revert the terms around WFH, leave, flex, and everything else to what they were under the previous (collation-negotiated) EBA in exchange for pay scales indexed to cost of living since the start of that agreement. I’d even consider it a win If they’d agree to trade all that for pay that kept up with CPI, instead of being below WPI.

Oliver, that’s a poor piece of journalism and one I didn’t expect from you. When you and I spoke during the election campaign, it wasn’t a question you put to me and given your view of the AEC staff at the prepoll booth I wouldn’t have thought you were so dirty on workers. That’s on you.
But let me remind you that all the things you talk about here have been reviewed to death over the last two decades, including WFH. I get the feeling you think it’s a recent addition to the conditions stream, but it’s been available since the early 00s.
And let’s not conflate underperformance with presenteeism, or location of work, or patterns of attendance. All have been negotiated, redefined during the currency of an industrial instrument with the agreement of affected workers (think roster changes) and implemented through Flexible Working Arrangements. Each of these has controls that make the employee and workplace responsible for their activities.
You with me yet?
As for sphere of control, 2014, 2016, 2020 and 2023 all had reviews and arrived at the same place: only technical ELs don’t have to manage teams. It’s discretionary on the business owner (SESB1) on how their workforce is managed at the local level. Sure in some smaller agencies where APS level staff are few and far between coffee runs and social activities might be performed by EL1s, but it’s rare as hens teeth.
You’re welcome!

Sounds like you’re a long-term pube Glen, and that means you have a conflict of interest, therefore your comment is irrelevant.
We on the left can’t have anyone with knowledge commenting or passing judgement on things can we?

brucewantstobecool11:57 am 27 May 25

For the record, the Lake Burley Griffin is a part or the Murray Darling Basin. But the broader point on decentralisation (where and when it’s carefully managed over a period of time) is valid.

Capital Retro10:29 am 25 May 25

The “Peter Principle” thrives in the APS.

HiddenDragon10:56 pm 23 May 25

“The sheer size of our bureaucracy ensures that few politicians will dare to criticise it again – there are just too many votes to lose.”

That will remain the case until sufficient numbers of voters are forced to face fiscal reality – which appears to be some way off, given the result on 3 May and this week’s state budget in Victoria, where the government is either in deep denial about the state of its finances, or doesn’t care because it believes that a majority will continue to vote for debt-funded public spending.

Bond markets are fast catching up with the debt-addicted political class in the US, as witnessed by the recent spike in interest rates, and that fate awaits Australian governments which continue to run growing structural deficits – even though we are not yet looking as bad as the US.

That reality, combined with the precedent which is being set by the increasing incursion of AI into private sector bureaucracies and staffing levels, suggests that serious rationalisation of public sector bureaucracies is a matter of when, not if.

You’re absolutely right. It’s all a big scam. Easy, six-figure jobs with flexible hours and little oversight. So what’s stopping all the naysayers from applying and succeeding at the taxpayer’s expense?

Peter Graves12:24 pm 24 May 25

Yet again – never having worked in the APS. Very obviously.

devils_advocate3:48 pm 23 May 25

Gees – look at the legions of flustered public servants who have rushed into the comments section to defend the gravy train

Writing these comments (no doubt during office hours) is probably the most work they’ve done in years!

To misquote the bard, methinks the pube doth protest too much!

Peter Graves4:58 pm 23 May 25

You reaslly have no idea how the APS works – but there are many here who do. By the way – there is a difference between the APS and the state public services.

If I wasn’t able to work from home due to my disability, I’d be living off centrelink pay. I LOVE my job, and am SO glad my team is flexible around my disabilities. Not sure how so many think that WFH is detrimental, the team I’m in are spread out and work together perfectly. Also, I’d be VERY interested to hear of EL1 jobs that do nothing so I can apply, because the EL1s in our team are always working long hours to keep up with what’s happening across the team, while also meeting with stakeholders throughout the day, leaving minimal time for progressing tasks and managing escalations.

1. WFH is here to stay, and unless your job requires you to have face-to-face meetings with others in your office, then there should be a push for more WFH. If there’s a problem with efficiency or non-completion of tasks, then that’s on managers to deal with. For what it’s worth, I can complete more in 5 hours WFH than I can in 8 at the office. Also means I save $ on fuel, parking, food, less stress, more sleep, plus massive environmental and health benefits.
2. Most of the APS isn’t in Canberra, in fact it’s under 40%. But yes, we could expand to regional centres if 100% WFH was permitted. I imagine there’d be a lot of APS who would love to move somewhere more affordable.
3. Flex is time worked that you aren’t paid for, so it seems fair to have that as leave. If employees are abusing that, then their managers who approve timesheets need to pay more attention. Without flex, they’d either need to pay overtime (double time $) or you would never have people put in a few extra minutes to get something completed of an afternoon. Minister needs that brief for a weekend trip? Sorry, it’s 5pm, have a great weekend.
4. Most EL1 I know work harder. Harder than they should really. I guess it depends on department. At the end of the day though, the “EL” part is for decision making, not amount of work. As a side, some areas have 1 EL1 for 100+ staff, other places have 50% of their team as EL 1.
5. Non-performance isn’t a recruitment issue since that is merit based. It’s again, a managerial issue. If someone is slacking off and not completing tasks, or doing a poor job, then pop them on a PMP and if they fail that, sack them.

Honestly, this whole “article” reads like some anti-APS bollocks written by someone still salty about Voldemort losing the election.

Peter Graves5:16 pm 22 May 25

“I soon learned EL1 was the magical sweet spot of every department – all the pay and perks but no responsibility.”

You really are out of touch there. There has been an APS-wide movement for the past ten years tp push management responsibilities downwards – EL1 have staff.

And conflating where you worked in state offices with the APS shows the barrow you are pushing. “anyone who’s worked in a public service knows that poor performance is commonplace”. Really – “commonplace” ? Really ?

Horrified as I was to hear the Coalitions plans for the Commonwealth Public Service, (Well, the coalition at the time anyway), I’m sure that while the numbers of staff are probably about right, there are probably some efficiencies that could be implemented to perhaps get some areas in the PS up to speed.
Yes, yes, I realise that you’re not all slacking off, but there are definitely those among your number who would benefit from a good dose of accountability.
Discuss.
(But remember, that your audience here is largely ACT based, and we all know someone who’s on the shonk……)

Canberra Engineer10:01 am 22 May 25

There’s a lot in this article that is true but outdated. There’s a lot in this article that just isn’t true or true only for a small minority. And facts aside it’s just bad writing. Easy to see why it’s labelled opinion, you have a lower standard for accuracy. But it still reflects poorly on the writer and on Region Canberra trying to build its brand as a reputable media outlet.

Oh Oliver, Oliver. If you expect people to believe your stories, they should have at least 50% truth to them. You were obviously part of the problem if those were your tasks as an EL1.

You do know that Lake Burley Griffin is part of the Murray Darling river system don’t you?

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